Cotton History, Culvitation & Harvesting :
Cotton
History of cotton
Cotton is the oldest and most important textile fiber in the world. Historians can hardly trace cotton is
its true origin. The best we know is
that the English word “cotton ” is derived
from the Arabic word Katan (qutn,kuteen) .Each cotton fiber is a unicellular
hair collected from the seed of the cotton plant. Cotton plant belongs to the
order Malvales , the family Malvaceae , the tribe Gossypieae, and the genus
Gossypium. It grows in sub-tropical climates . Most of the cotton is cultivated
in Asia ,Africa, American,Egypt,Indian and other places.
Nearly 90% of the cotton fibres are cellulose.The cellulose
of cotton fibres is also of the highest molecular weight among all plants
fibres and highest structural order ,e g, highly crystalline, oriented and fibrillar.
Cotton is by far the backbone of world’s Textile Trade.
Cotton is grown in more than 80 countries worldwide. Its current market share
is about more than 50% for all fibres used for the apparel and home furnishing.
Cotton Culvitation & Harvesting :
The cultivitation of cotton tress and the growing condition
is not the same according to the climate and temperature of the cultivation
land. For its cultivation ,6-7 months hot climate , sufficient sunlight and
humidity are requried. The different
steps of cotton cultivation are given sequence below:
1. Seed
are sown in spring.
2. They
sprout after 2/3 weeks.
3. After
2-3 months of sprouting ,plant flowers bloom.
4. The
flowers fall off after a few days and leaving cotton balls.
5. Seed
hairs starts to grow inside the balls ,one cotton ball has about 5-10 adzuki
bean like cotton fruits.
6. For
11-18days , fiber length and other parameters are achieved.
7. For
the text 22-50 days .cellulose is deposited inside the fiber
8. When
cellulose deposition is stopped ,the
balls become dry and burst naturally and
the cotton appears as a soft wad of fine fiber
9. The
balls are picked up manually or by machine
, this picking period continue for 1-3
for months.
10. Finally
the balls are taken for ginning to collect the fibers.
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