Introduction to Polymer and Macromolecule(VIVA question for textile)
Introduction
to Polymer and Macromolecule(VIVA
question and Details)
Mer –
The repeating unit in a polymer chain
The repeating unit in a polymer chain
Monomer –
A single mer unit (n=1)
Polymer –
Many mer-units along a chain (n=103 or more)
Degree of Polymerization –
The average number of mer-units in a chain.
A single mer unit (n=1)
Polymer –
Many mer-units along a chain (n=103 or more)
Degree of Polymerization –
The average number of mer-units in a chain.
POLYMER: Polymer is a type of macromolecule consist by
covalent bond of a large number of repeating number. Polymer means many
monomer.
Monomer: A monomer is a molecule that is able to bond in
long chains.
Degree Of
Polymerization:
It is a average number of repeating number in a macromolecule.
The importance
of polymer science to study for Textile Engineering .
1.Textile fibers are
polymeric substance.
2.Size materials are
polymer(used in weaving).
3.Printing thickeners
are polymer.
4.Binders and fixed
used in coloration with pigments are also polymer.
5.Polymers are also
used as wet processing.
Macromolecule: A macromolecule is a very large molecule with a
diameter ranging from 100 to 10 000 angstroms.
Difference
between MARECOMOCULE A & Polymer.
No
|
Polymer
|
Macromolecule
|
1.
|
Polymer is a type of
macromolecule consist by covalent bond of a large number of repeating number.
|
A macromolecule is a
very large molecule with a diameter ranging from 100 to 10 000 angstroms.
|
2.
|
Polymers are composed
of repeating units.
|
Macromolecules
may or may not be composed of repeating units.
|
3
|
Polymers are made
from monomers.
|
Macromolecules may or
may not be made from monomers.
|
4
|
Some polymers are soluble
in organic solvents.
|
Most macromolecules
are highly insoluble in water and other similar solvents.
|
5
|
Polymers are
formed essentially from polymerization.
|
Macromolecule may
form in different ways.
|
Polymer classification with example:
Based on Source: Two Types.
1.Natural polymer: Rubber,Cellulose,Starch,Protiens(silk,wool).
2.Synthetic polymer: Polyethene,PVC,Nylon,Terylene,Polyprophylene
etc .
Synthetic Polymer is two type;
1.Linear Polymer
2.Branched Polymer.
Based on Thermal Charcteristics:
Thermoplastic: Polymers that soften or melt on heating and can
be converted into any shape and solidify and becomes rigid and regain
their properties on cooling and during no
physical and chemical changes occur in the
polymer molecule is called Thermoplastic .It is fusible,most of the addition and some condensation polymers are thermoplastic.
Example: PVC,nylon,Polyethene.
USED: Shopping bag, Pen, wire and cable covering etc.
2)Thermosetting:
Polymer that donor soften on heating but becomes hard on heating with change of
physics and chemicals properties and convert themselves into an fusible and
insoluble mass are called Thermosetting. it is cross linking polymer. Example:
Bakelite,Urea-Formaldehyde ,Melamine formaldehyde etc.
Based on the mode of Synthesis of Polymer:
1.Addition or chain
growth polymers: Polyetheylene,Polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride or
PVC, poly(tetrafluoroethene) or TEFLON etc.
2.Condesation or
step growth polymers: Bakelite, nylon and polyester.
Difference between Additional polymer and condensation polymer.
No
|
Addition polymer
|
Condensation Polymer
|
1
|
Monomer must have at
least a double or triple bond.
|
Monomer must have
at least two similar or different functional groups
|
2
|
This polymerisation
doesn’t produce any by-products.
|
This polymerisation
results in by-products such as water, HCl, CH3OH, NH3, etc.
|
3
|
Molecular weight of
the resulting polymer is an integral multiple of monomer’s molecular weight.
|
Molecular weight of
the resulting polymer is not an integral multiple of monomer’s molecular
weight.
|
4
|
The reaction results
in high molecular weight polymers at once.
|
The molecular
weight of the polymer increases steadily with the reaction.
|
5
|
Longer reaction time
results in higher yields, but has a minute effect on the molecular weight of
the polymer.
|
Longer reaction
times are crucial to obtain higher molecular weight of polymers.
|
6
|
Addition
polymerisation produces thermoplastics.
|
condensation
polymerisation produces thermosetting.
|
7
|
Radical initiators,
Lewis acid or bases are catalysts in this process.
|
Mineral acids and
bases are catalysts in this process.
|
8
|
Addition
polymerisation results in homo-chain polymers.
|
Condensation
polymerisation results in hetero-chain polymers.
|
9
|
Example: Polyethylene,
PVC, etc.
|
Example: Bakelite,
nylon, polyester, etc
|
On the basis of Composition :
1.Homo polymer.
2.Co polymer.
References:
difference books
Gopalan, R., Venkappayya, D., & Nagarajan, S. (2010). Textbook of engineering chemistry (4th ed.). New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt.
Oon, H. L., Ang, E. J., & Khoo, L. E. (2007). Chemistry expression: An inquiry approach. Singapore: EPB Panpac Education.
Sharma, B. K. (1991). Industrial Chemistry. Krishna Prakashan Media.
Sureshkumar, M. V., & Anilkumar, P. (n.d.). Engineering Chemistry-I (Anna University). Vikas Publishing House.,
References:
difference books
Gopalan, R., Venkappayya, D., & Nagarajan, S. (2010). Textbook of engineering chemistry (4th ed.). New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt.
Oon, H. L., Ang, E. J., & Khoo, L. E. (2007). Chemistry expression: An inquiry approach. Singapore: EPB Panpac Education.
Sharma, B. K. (1991). Industrial Chemistry. Krishna Prakashan Media.
Sureshkumar, M. V., & Anilkumar, P. (n.d.). Engineering Chemistry-I (Anna University). Vikas Publishing House.,
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